1/19/2012

During this class, I learned the basic about shoot portrait, the point is light. Different the way of light can get different effect. 
If the light from higher way for face, that make the bottom of face has shadow. 

Photography Terms

1. I like photography because I keep every great moment in the picture, I cannot forget them forever.
2. The aperture stop of a photographic lens can be adjusted to control the amount of light reaching the film or image sensor. In combination with variation of shutter speed, the aperture size will regulate the film's or image sensor's degree of exposure to light. The aperture affects not only the amount of time required to take a photo, but also the depth of field within it. 
3. ISO is short for International Organizational Standard.  In the photographic world, ISO is most commonly referred to as a film rating system.  Think film photography, not the movies.  In terms of film, ISO is used as a rating system to tell you how sensitive the film is to light, or how fast the film is.  The lower the ISO number the more time the film needs to be exposed.  The faster the ISO film speed, less light is required to take a picture.
4. The shutter speed is simply the length of time that the light hits the film or sensor allowing the image to be recorded. Each variation in speed is known as a stop.Shutter speed affects image quality in two principal ways. Firstly the longer the shutter is open the more light you get. There is a point however when a long exposure can make an image noisier as it allows heat to build up on the sensor, which affects the recorded image. Secondly shutter speed controls the impression of motion in an image. A long exposure/shutter speed blurs motion, giving the impression of greater motion of the camera or subject. 

5.Exposure is controlled by the proper selections of ISO, Shutter Speed and Aperture. Mastering the art of exposure is something that takes a lot of practice. In many ways it’s a juggling act and even the most experienced photographers experiment and tweak their settings as they go. Keep in mind that changing each element not only impacts the exposure of the image but each one also has an impact upon other aspects of it.

6. Depth of field is a measure of how much of a photo is in focus. If you use a compact digital camera, and use it in auto mode, you probably have a “long” depth of field. This means that practically everything in your photo will be in focus. The f-number is probably the most widely known and used method of controlling DOF. Another way to control depth of field is to change your distance from the subject in focus. The last factor in your control for DOF is the focal length of the lens you decide to use.

7. In this mode you as the photographer sets the aperture that you wish to use and the camera makes a decision about what shutter speed is appropriate in the conditions that you’re shooting in. In this mode you as the photographer choose the shutter speed that you wish to shoot at and let the camera make a decision about what aperture to select to give a well exposed shot.
8. Tonal values are what make a painting 'talk' not the color - no matter how much color you put in a picture, if the values are not correct, it will make no difference. 
9. In statistics, a histogram is a graphical representation showing a visual impression of the distribution of data. It is an estimate of the probability distribution of a continuous variable and was first introduced by Karl Pearson.  

10. Natural: Probably the most flattering form of lighting, perhaps because this is the way we see most things and most people everyday. I always try, when I am able, to make the most of any natural light whether it is outdoors, indoors or just a shaft of light coming in through a window, even if I have to bounce it using a reflector.

Window Light: If shooting portraits of people or wedding portraits or church scenes etc, try using any available daylight, even if it means moving people to another room in their house. Diffused window light, not direct beams of sunlight, can create a real sense of calm and mood to an image.

Outdoors: The worst type of natural light for portraiture is direct sunlight. It can cause heavy lines and shadows as well as squinting and is very unflattering. If you have no choice, spin the subject around with the sunlight behind and fire away whilst exposing for the face. 

Natural Plus Fill: When shooting using available light, you only have so much control and there are times when you need to help out a little. 

Flash: Personally, I only use direct flash if absolutely necessary. If I am indoors and the ceiling is low enough and fairly bright, I will always bounce the flash to diffuse the flashlight. Direct flash indoors is horrible and tends to wash out the colors and leave nasty shadows behind your subject. If you are using direct flash, to lose the shadows try and manoeuvre your subject so that they are a healthy distance away from any walls etc, and open up the aperture to blur the remaining background. 

11. Raster images are stored in a computer in the form of a grid of picture elements, or pixels. These pixels contain the image's color and brightness information. Image editors can change the pixels to enhance the image in many ways. The pixels can be changed as a group, or individually, by the sophisticated algorithms within the image editors. The domain of this article primarily refers to bitmap graphics editors, which are often used to alter photographs and other raster graphics.
12. The Lasso tool, The Polygonal Lasso tool, The Magnetic Lasso tool, The Rectangle and Elliptical Marquee tool, The Extract Function, The Magic Wand tool, The Custom Shape tool, The Pen tool, Color Range, Quick Mask Mode, Alpha Channels.
13. The original image is equivalent to the negative in film photography. I think nobody would taken a negative, scratched it and cut it up in pieces to see if they liked the printed image. Working with layers gives us the opportunity to have an absolute control over the whole adjustment process, and it preserves the original image as a reference. Every single step we take, we should do it in an individual layer, if we need to cover minor imperfections, we can have a layer where we clone or use the healing brushes. We also should have individual layers to apply corrections in color, contrast, saturation, etc. and use the layer masks to have a perfect control.
14. In 1985, Frank Fournier photographed Omayra Sanchez a 13 year old girl who was trapped in debris following a volcano eruption in Colombia. The child could not be rescued, and eventually died of exposure. Fournier won a World Press Photo Award for his image of the girl, taken just hours before she died. Which philosophical principles might Fournier have been applying when he took the decision to photograph the little girl rather than roll up his sleeves and dig her out? He was almost certainly adopting a Utilitarianism approach - that is to say that reporting the loss of this life will be to the benefit of the greater good in the long run. What is less certain is whether Fournier was operating under a Categorical Imperative: if, as could be argued, reporting the news is a universal duty, then his action was justified. If, on the other hand, the right to dignity and privacy at the time of death is considered a categorical imperative, then, unable to help, he should have looked away.
15. I am not sure, I kust know photography is a kind of art, and many people like it.